Sains Malaysiana 53(8)(2024): 1843-1858

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5308-10

Establishing the Association between Ankylosing Spondylitis and Its Comorbidities Based on Their Shared Pathways

(Penentuan Asosiasi antara Ankylosing Spondylitis dan Komorbiditinya Berdasarkan Tapak Jalan Sepunya)

ALHASSAN USMAN BELLO¹, SARAHANI HARUN¹, NOR AFIQAH-ALENG², RAJALINGHAM SAKTHISWARY³ & ZETI-AZURA MOHAMED-HUSSEIN^4,5,*

¹Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

³Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

⁴UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

⁵Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 30 Mac 2024/Diterima: 25 Jun 2024

Abstract

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune and inflammatory arthritis associated with various comorbidities, such as axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), cardiovascular disease (CD), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), rheumatic fever (RF), and vasculitis (Vs). The co-occurrence of these comorbidities underlies the molecular mechanisms of complex biological interactions shared by dysfunctional pathways. We used network biology and computational methods to establish association between biological processes and molecular mechanisms in AS and its comorbidities. The findings showed significant association between twelve shared pathways in AS and its comorbidities. These shared pathways are associated with pathobiological processes, such as immune responses, inflammatory responses and cellular signaling responses, in AS and its comorbidities. Nine of these pathways are involved in signaling, two are involved in the metabolic processes, and one is involved in the regulatory processes in AS and its comorbidities. In conclusion, this work highlights specific and common shared pathways in AS and its comorbidities. These findings provide information on key shared pathways that can be used to explain the pathobiological processes of AS and its comorbidities and can help in therapeutic discovery towards accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

Keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis; comorbidities; network biology; protein-protein interaction; shared pathways

Abstrak

Ankylosing spondilitis (AS) adalah penyakit artritis auto-imun dan keradangan yang berkait dengan pelbagai komorbiditi seperti spondiloartritis paksi (axSpA), penyakit kardiovaskular (CD), sindrom Guillain-Barre (GBS), demam reumatik (RF) dan vaskulitis (Vs). Kewujudan bersama komorbiditi ini mendasari mekanisme molekul bagi interaksi biologi kompleks yang dikongsi oleh tapak jalan tidak berfungsi. Pendekatan jaringan biologi dan pengkomputeran telah digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara proses biologi dan mekanisme molekul dalam AS dan komorbiditinya. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara dua belas tapak jalan sepunya dalam AS dan komorbiditinya. Tapak jalan sepunya ini dikaitkan dengan proses patobiologi seperti tindak balas imun, tindak balas keradangan dan tindak balas pengisyaratan sel dalam AS dan komorbiditinya. Sebanyak sembilan daripada tapak jalan ini terlibat dalam pengisyaratan, dua terlibat dalam proses metabolik dan satu tapak jalan terlibat dalam proses pengawalaturan dalam AS dan komorbiditinya. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menyerlahkan tapak jalan sepunya khusus dan umum dalam AS dan komorbiditinya. Penemuan ini memberikan maklumat mengenai tapak jalan sepunya yang boleh digunakan untuk menerangkan proses patobiologi AS dan komorbiditinya serta boleh membantu dalam penemuan terapeutik ke arah diagnosis yang tepat dan rawatan yang berkesan.

Kata kunci: Ankylosing spondylitis; interaksi protein-protein; jaringan biologi; komorbiditi; tapak jalan sepunya

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: zeti.hussein@ukm.edu.my